40 CFR Part 264 -- STANDARDS FOR
OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES
§264.18 Location standards.
(a) Seismic considerations. (1) Portions of new facilities where treatment, storage, or
disposal of hazardous waste will be conducted must not be located within 61 meters (200
feet) of a fault which has had displacement in Holocene time.
(2) As used in paragraph (a)(1) of this section:
(i) "Fault'' means a fracture along which rocks on one side have been displaced with
respect to those on the other side.
(ii) "Displacement'' means the relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured
in any direction.
(iii) "Holocene'' means the most recent epoch of the Quarternary period, extending
from the end of the Pleistocene to the present.
(Comment: Procedures for demonstrating compliance with this standard in Part B of the
permit application are specified in §270.14(b)(11). Facilities which are located in
political jurisdictions other than those listed in appendix VI of this part, are assumed
to be in compliance with this requirement.)
(b) Floodplains. (1) A facility located in a 100-year floodplain must be designed,
constructed, operated, and maintained to prevent washout or any hazardous waste by a
100-year flood, unless the owner or operator can demonstrate to the Regional
Administrator's satisfaction that:
(i) Procedures are in effect which will cause the waste to be removed safely, before flood
waters can reach the facility, to a location where the wastes will not be vulnerable to
flood waters; or
(ii) For existing surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment units, landfills, and
miscellaneous units, no adverse effects on human health or the environment will result if
washout occurs, considering:
(A) The volume and physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the facility;
(B) The concentration of hazardous constituents that would potentially affect surface
waters as a result of washout;
(C) The impact of such concentrations on the current or potential uses of and water
quality standards established for the affected surface waters; and
(D) The impact of hazardous constituents on the sediments of affected surface waters or
the soils of the 100-year floodplain that could result from washout.
(Comment: The location where wastes are moved must be a facility which is either permitted
by EPA under Part 270 of this chapter, authorized to manage hazardous waste by a State
with a hazardous waste management program authorized under Part 271 of this chapter, or in
interim status under Parts 270 and 265 of this chapter.)
(2) As used in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:
(i) "100-year floodplain'' means any land area which is subject to a one percent or
greater chance of flooding in any given year from any source.
(ii) "Washout'' means the movement of hazardous waste from the active portion of the
facility as a result of flooding.
(iii) "100-year flood'' means a flood that has a one percent chance of being equaled
or exceeded in any given year.
(Comment: (1) Requirements pertaining to other Federal laws which the location and
permitting of facilities are found in §270.3 of this chapter. For details relative to
these laws, see EPA's manual for SEA (special environmental area) requirements for
hazardous waste facility permits. Through EPA is responsible for complying with these
requirements, applicants are advised to consider them in planning the location of a
facility to help prevent subsequent project delays.)
(c) Salt dome formations, salt bed formations, underground mines and caves. The placement
of any noncontainerized or bulk liquid hazardous waste in any salt dome formation, salt
bed formation, underground mine or cave is prohibited, except for the Department of Energy
Waste Isolation Pilot Project in New Mexico.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control numbers 2050-0010 and
2050-0012)
(46 FR 2848, Jan. 12, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 32350, July 26, 1982; 48 FR 14294, Apr. 1,
1983; 48 FR 30115, June 30, 1983; 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31, 1985; 50 FR 28746, July 15, 1985;
52 FR 46963, Dec. 10, 1987)
§264.19 Construction quality assurance program.
(a) CQA program. (1) A construction quality assurance (CQA) program is required for all
surface impoundment, waste pile, and landfill units that are required to comply with
§§264.221 (c) and (d), 264.251 (c) and (d), and 264.301 (c) and (d). The program must
ensure that the constructed unit meets or exceeds all design criteria and specifications
in the permit. The program must be developed and implemented under the direction of a CQA
officer who is a registered professional engineer.
(2) The CQA program must address the following physical components, where applicable:
(i) Foundations;
(ii) Dikes;
(iii) Low-permeability soil liners;
(iv) Geomembranes (flexible membrane liners);
(v) Leachate collection and removal systems and leak detection systems; and
(vi) Final cover systems.
(b) Written CQA plan. The owner or operator of units subject to the CQA program under
paragraph (a) of this section must develop and implement a written CQA plan. The plan must
identify steps that will be used to monitor and document the quality of materials and the
condition and manner of their installation. The CQA plan must include:
(1) Identification of applicable units, and a description of how they will be constructed.
(2) Identification of key personnel in the development and implementation of the CQA plan,
and CQA officer qualifications.
(3) A description of inspection and sampling activities for all unit components identified
in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, including observations and tests that will be used
before, during, and after construction to ensure that the construction materials and the
installed unit components meet the design specifications. The description must cover:
Sampling size and locations; frequency of testing; data evaluation procedures; acceptance
and rejection criteria for construction materials; plans for implementing corrective
measures; and data or other information to be recorded and retained in the operating
record under §264.73.
(c) Contents of program. (1) The CQA program must include observations, inspections,
tests, and measurements sufficient to ensure:
(i) Structural stability and integrity of all components of the unit identified in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section;
(ii) Proper construction of all components of the liners, leachate collection and removal
system, leak detection system, and final cover system, according to permit specifications
and good engineering practices, and proper installation of all components (e.g., pipes)
according to design specifications;
(iii) Conformity of all materials used with design and other material specifications under
§§264.221, 264.251, and 264.301.
(2) The CQA program shall include test fills for compacted soil liners, using the same
compaction methods as in the full scale unit, to ensure that the liners are constructed to
meet the hydraulic conductivity requirements of §§264.221(c)(1)(i)(B),
264.251(c)(1)(i)(B), and 264.301(c)(1)(i)(B) in the field. Compliance with the hydraulic
conductivity requirements must be verified by using in-situ testing on the constructed
test fill. The Regional Administrator may accept an alternative demonstration, in lieu of
a test fill, where data are sufficient to show that a constructed soil liner will meet the
hydraulic conductivity requirements of §§264.221(c)(1)(i)(B), 264.251(c)(1)(i)(B), and
264.301(c)(1)(i)(B) in the field.
(d) Certification. Waste shall not be received in a unit subject to §264.19 until the
owner or operator has submitted to the Regional Administrator by certified mail or hand
delivery a certification signed by the CQA officer that the approved CQA plan has been
successfully carried out and that the unit meets the requirements of §§264.221 (c) or
(d), 264.251 (c) or (d), or 264.301 (c) or (d); and the procedure in §270.30(l)(2)(ii) of
this chapter has been completed. Documentation supporting the CQA officer's certification
must be furnished to the Regional Administrator upon request. (57 FR 3486, Jan. 29, 1992)
Effective Date Note: At 57 FR 3486, Jan. 29, 1992, §264.19 was added,
effective July 29, 1992.
Subpart C -- Preparedness and Prevention
§264.30 Applicability.
The regulations in this subpart apply to owners and operators of all hazardous waste
facilities, except as §264.1 provides otherwise.
§264.31 Design and operation of facility.
Facilities must be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to minimize the
possibility of a fire, explosion, or any unplanned sudden or non-sudden release of
hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, or surface water which could
threaten human health or the environment.
§264.32 Required equipment.
All facilities must be equipped with the following, unless it can be demonstrated to the
Regional Administrator that none of the hazards posed by waste handled at the facility
could require a particular kind of equipment specified below:
(a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency
instruction (voice or signal) to facility personnel;
(b) A device, such as a telephone (immediately available at the scene of operations) or a
hand-held two-way radio, capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police
departments, fire departments, or State or local emergency response teams;
(c) Portable fire extinguishers, fire control equipment (including special extinguishing
equipment, such as that using foam, inert gas, or dry chemicals), spill control equipment,
and decontamination equipment; and
(d) Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hose streams, or foam producing
equipment, or automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems.
(Comment: Part 270 of this chapter requires that an owner or operator who wishes to make
the demonstration referred to above must do so with Part B of the permit application.)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 14294, Apr. 1, 1983)
§264.33 Testing and maintenance of equipment.
All facility communications or alarm systems, fire protection equipment, spill control
equipment, and decontamination equipment, where required, must be tested and maintained as
necessary to assure its proper operation in time of emergency.
§264.34 Access to communications or alarm system.
(a) Whenever hazardous waste is being poured, mixed, spread, or otherwise handled, all
personnel involved in the operation must have immediate access to an internal alarm or
emergency communication device, either directly or through visual or voice contact with
another employee, unless the Regional Administrator has ruled that such a device is not
required under §264.32.
(b) If there is ever just one employee on the premises while the facility is operating, he
must have immediate access to a device, such as a telephone (immediately available at the
scene of operation) or a hand-held two-way radio, capable of summoning external emergency
assistance, unless the Regional Administrator has ruled that such a device is not required
under §264.32.
§264.35 Required aisle space.
The owner or operator must maintain aisle space to allow the unobstructed movement of
personnel, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination
equipment to any area of facility operation in an emergency, unless it can be demonstrated
to the Regional Administrator that aisle space is not needed for any of these purposes.
(Comment: Part 270 of this chapter requires that an owner or operator who wishes to make
the demonstration referred to above must do so with Part B of the permit application.)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 14294, Apr. 1, 1983)
§264.36 (Reserved)
§264.37 Arrangements with local authorities.
(a) The owner or operator must attempt to make the following arrangements, as appropriate
for the type of waste handled at his facility and the potential need for the services of
these organizations:
(1) Arrangements to familiarize police, fire departments, and emergency response teams
with the layout of the facility, properties of hazardous waste handled at the facility and
associated hazards, places where facility personnel would normally be working, entrances
to and roads inside the facility, and possible evacuation routes;
(2) Where more than one police and fire department might respond to an emergency,
agreements designating primary emergency authority to a specific police and a specific
fire department, and agreements with any others to provide support to the primary
emergency authority;
(3) Agreements with State emergency response teams, emergency response contractors, and
equipment suppliers; and
(4) Arrangements to familiarize local hospitals with the properties of hazardous waste
handled at the facility and the types of injuries or illnesses which could result from
fires, explosions, or releases at the facility.
(b) Where State or local authorities decline to enter into such arrangements, the owner or
operator must document the refusal in the operating record.
Subpart D -- Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedures
§264.50 Applicability.
The regulations in this subpart apply to owners and operators of all hazardous waste
facilities, except as §264.1 provides otherwise.
§264.51 Purpose and implementation of contingency plan.
(a) Each owner or operator must have a contingency plan for his facility. The contingency
plan must be designed to minimize hazards to human health or the environment from fires,
explosions, or any unplanned sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous
waste constituents to air, soil, or surface water.
(b) The provisions of the plan must be carried out immediately whenever there is a fire,
explosion, or release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents which could
threaten human health or the environment.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2050-0011)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31, 1985)
§264.52 Content of contingency plan.
(a) The contingency plan must describe the actions facility personnel must take to comply
with §§264.51 and 264.56 in response to fires, explosions, or any unplanned sudden or
non-sudden release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, or
surface water at the facility.
(b) If the owner or operator has already prepared a Spill Prevention, Control, and
Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan in accordance with Part 112 of this chapter, or Part 1510 of
chapter V, or some other emergency or contingency plan, he need only amend that plan to
incorporate hazardous waste management provisions that are sufficient to comply with the
requirements of this part.
(c) The plan must describe arrangements agreed to by local police departments, fire
departments, hospitals, contractors, and State and local emergency response teams to
coordinate emergency services, pursuant to §264.37.
(d) The plan must list names, addresses, and phone numbers (office and home) of all
persons qualified to act as emergency coordinator (see §264.55), and this list must be
kept up to date. Where more than one person is listed, one must be named as primary
emergency coordinator and others must be listed in the order in which they will assume
responsibility as alternates. For new facilities, this information must be supplied to the
Regional Administrator at the time of certification, rather than at the time of permit
application.
(e) The plan must include a list of all emergency equipment at the facility (such as fire
extinguishing systems, spill control equipment, communications and alarm systems (internal
and external), and decontamination equipment), where this equipment is required. This list
must be kept up to date. In addition, the plan must include the location and a physical
description of each item on the list, and a brief outline of its capabilities.
(f) The plan must include an evacuation plan for facility personnel where there is a
possibility that evacuation could be necessary. This plan must describe signal(s) to be
used to begin evacuation, evacuation routes, and alternate evacuation routes (in cases
where the primary routes could be blocked by releases of hazardous waste or fires).
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2050-0011)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 46 FR 27480, May 20, 1981; 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31,
1985)
§264.53 Copies of contingency plan.
A copy of the contingency plan and all revisions to the plan must be:
(a) Maintained at the facility; and
(b) Submitted to all local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, and State and
local emergency response teams that may be called upon to provide emergency services.
(Comment: The contingency plan must be submitted to the Regional Administrator with Part B
of the permit application under Part 270, of this chapter and, after modification or
approval, will become a condition of any permit issued.)
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2050-0011)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 30115, June 30, 1983; 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31,
1985)
§264.54 Amendment of contingency plan.
The contingency plan must be reviewed, and immediately amended, if whenever:
(a) The facility permit is revised;
(b) The plan fails in an emergency;
(c) The facility changes -- in its design, construction, operation, maintenance, or other
circumstances -- in a way that materially increases the potential for fires, explosions,
or releases of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents, or changes the response
necessary in an emergency;
(d) The list of emergency coordinators changes; or
(e) The list of emergency equipment changes.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2050-0011)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31, 1985; 53 FR 37935, Sept.
28, 1988)
§264.55 Emergency coordinator.
At all times, there must be at least one employee either on the facility premises or on
call (i.e., available to respond to an emergency by reaching the facility within a short
period of time) with the responsibility for coordinating all emergency response measures.
This emergency coordinator must be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the facility's
contingency plan, all operations and activities at the facility, the location and
characteristics of waste handled, the location of all records within the facility, and the
facility layout. In addition, this person must have the authority to commit the resources
needed to carry out the contingency plan.
(Comment: The emergency coordinator's responsibilities are more fully spelled out in
§264.56. Applicable responsibilities for the emergency coordinator vary, depending on
factors such as type and variety of waste(s) handled by the facility, and type and
complexity of the facility.)
§264.56 Emergency procedures.
(a) Whenever there is an imminent or actual emergency situation, the emergency coordinator
(or his designee when the emergency coordinator is on call) must immediately:
(1) Activate internal facility alarms or communication systems, where applicable, to
notify all facility personnel; and
(2) Notify appropriate State or local agencies with designated response roles if their
help is needed.
(b) Whenever there is a release, fire, or explosion, the emergency coordinator must
immediately identify the character, exact source, amount, and areal extent of any released
materials. He may do this by observation or review of facility records or manifests, and,
if necessary, by chemical analysis.
(c) Concurrently, the emergency coordinator must assess possible hazards to human health
or the environment that may result from the release, fire, or explosion. This assessment
must consider both direct and indirect effects of the release, fire, or explosion (e.g.,
the effects of any toxic, irritating, or asphyxiating gases that are generated, or the
effects of any hazardous surface water run-off from water or chemical agents used to
control fire and heat-induced explosions).
(d) If the emergency coordinator determines that the facility has had a release, fire, or
explosion which could threaten human health, or the environment, outside the facility, he
must report his findings as follows:
(1) If his assessment indicates that evacuation of local areas may be advisable, he must
immediately notify appropriate local authorities. He must be available to help appropriate
officials decide whether local areas should be evacuated; and
(2) He must immediately notify either the government official designated as the on-scene
coordinator for that geographical area, (in the applicable regional contingency plan under
Part 1510 of this title) or the National Response Center (using their 24-hour toll free
number 800/424-8802). The report must include:
(i) Name and telephone number of reporter;
(ii) Name and address of facility;
(iii) Time and type of incident (e.g., release, fire);
(iv) Name and quantity of material(s) involved, to the extent known;
(v) The extent of injuries, if any; and
(vi) The possible hazards to human health, or the environment, outside the facility.
(e) During an emergency, the emergency coordinator must take all reasonable measures
necessary to ensure that fires, explosions, and releases do not occur, recur, or spread to
other hazardous waste at the facility. These measures must include, where applicable,
stopping processes and operations, collecting and containing release waste, and removing
or isolating containers.
(f) If the facility stops operations in response to a fire, explosion, or release, the
emergency coordinator must monitor for leaks, pressure buildup, gas generation, or
ruptures in valves, pipes, or other equipment, wherever this is appropriate.
(g) Immediately after an emergency, the emergency coordinator must provide for treating,
storing, or disposing of recovered waste, contaminated soil or surface water, or any other
material that results from a release, fire, or explosion at the facility.
(Comment: Unless the owner or operator can demonstrate, in accordance with 261.3(c) or (d)
of this chapter, that the recovered material is not a hazardous waste, the owner or
operator becomes a generator of hazardous waste and must manage it in accordance with all
applicable requirements of Parts 262, 263, and 264 of this chapter.)
(h) The emergency coordinator must ensure that, in the affected area(s) of the facility:
(1) No waste that may be incompatible with the released material is treated, stored, or
disposed of until cleanup procedures are completed; and
(2) All emergency equipment listed in the contingency plan is cleaned and fit for its
intended use before operations are resumed.
(i) The owner or operator must notify the Regional Administrator, and appropriate State
and local authorities, that the facility is in compliance with paragraph (h) of this
section before operations are resumed in the affected area(s) of the facility.
(j) The owner or operator must note in the operating record the time, date, and details of
any incident that requires implementing the contingency plan. Within 15 days after the
incident, he must submit a written report on the incident to the Regional Administrator.
The report must include:
(1) Name, address, and telephone number of the owner or operator;
(2) Name, address, and telephone number of the facility;
(3) Date, time, and type of incident (e.g., fire, explosion);
(4) Name and quantity of material(s) involved;
(5) The extent of injuries, if any;
(6) An assessment of actual or potential hazards to human health or the environment, where
this is applicable; and
(7) Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered material that resulted from the
incident.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2050-0012)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 4514, Jan. 31, 1985)
Subpart E -- Manifest System, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
§264.70 Applicability.
The regulations in this subpart apply to owners and operators of both on-site and off-site
facilities, except as §264.1 provides otherwise. Sections 264.71, 264.72, and 264.76 do
not apply to owners and operators of on-site facilities that do not receive any hazardous
waste from off-site sources. Section 264.73(b) only applies to permittees who treat,
store, or dispose of hazardous wastes on-site where such wastes were generated.
(50 FR 28746, July 15, 1985)
§264.71 Use of manifest system.
(a) If a facility receives hazardous waste accompanied by a manifest, the owner or
operator, or his agent, must:
(1) Sign and date each copy of the manifest to certify that the hazardous waste covered by
the manifest was received;
(2) Note any significant discrepancies in the manifest (as defined in §264.72(a)) on each
copy of the manifest;
(Comment: The Agency does not intend that the owner or operator of a facility whose
procedures under §264.13(c) include waste analysis must perform that analysis before
signing the manifest and giving it to the transporter. Section 264.72(b), however,
requires reporting an unreconciled discrepancy discovered during later analysis.)
(3) Immediately give the transporter at least one copy of the signed manifest;
(4) Within 30 days after the delivery, send a copy of the manifest to the generator; and
(5) Retain at the facility a copy of each manifest for at least three years from the date
of delivery.
(b) If a facility receives, from a rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter, hazardous
waste which is accompanied by a shipping paper containing all the information required on
the manifest (excluding the EPA identification numbers, generator's certification, and
signatures), the owner or operator, or his agent, must:
(1) Sign and date each copy of the manifest or shipping paper (if the manifest has not
been received) to certify that the hazardous waste covered by the manifest or shipping
paper was received;
(2) Note any significant discrepancies (as defined in §264.72(a)) in the manifest or
shipping paper (if the manifest has not been received) on each copy of the manifest or
shipping paper.
(Comment: The Agency does not intend that the owner or operator of a facility whose
procedures under §264.13(c) include waste analysis must perform that analysis before
signing the shipping paper and giving it to the transporter. Section 264.72(b), however,
requires reporting an unreconciled discrepancy discovered during later analysis.)
(3) Immediately give the rail or water (bulk shipment) transporter at least one copy of
the manifest or shipping paper (if the manifest has not been received);
(4) Within 30 days after the delivery, send a copy of the signed and dated manifest to the
generator; however, if the manifest has not been received within 30 days after delivery,
the owner or operator, or his agent, must send a copy of the shipping paper signed and
dated to the generator; and
(Comment: Section 262.23(c) of this chapter requires the generator to send three copies of
the manifest to the facility when hazardous waste is sent by rail or water (bulk
shipment).)
(5) Retain at the facility a copy of the manifest and shipping paper (if signed in lieu of
the manifest at the time of delivery) for at least three years from the date of delivery.
(c) Whenever a shipment of hazardous waste is initiated from a facility, the owner or
operator of that facility must comply with the requirements of Part 262 of this chapter.
(Comment: The provisions of §262.34 are applicable to the on-site accumulation of
hazardous wastes by generators. Therefore, the provisions of §262.34 only apply to owners
or operators who are shipping hazardous waste which they generated at that facility.)
(45 FR 33221, May 19, 1980, as amended at 45 FR 86970, 86974, Dec. 31, 1980)