State Regulations:

Air pollution control regulations are typically implemented on the state level.

State Permits:

States may require permitting of air pollution sources such as boilers and possibly lab fume hoods. However, some states specifically exempt fume hoods from permitting requirements.

Hazardous Air Pollutants:

The emissions of certain hazardous air pollutants (e.g., beryllium, mercury, vinyl chloride, radionuclides, benzene, asbestos, and arsenic) are regulated under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). In the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), Congress expanded the number of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs ) to 189. Source categories emitting HAPs will likely be subject to operating permit requirements.

Separate Source Category:

Under Section 112(c)(7) of the CAAA , Congress directed EPA to consider regulating research facilities as a separate source category.